William Stern (1871-1938) - German Psychologist, Philosopher

Alchemipedia Link - William Stern (German Psychologist and Philosopher)

William Stern Demographics:

• Birth - 29 April 1871.
• Death - 27 March 1938.
• Name - Wilhelm Louis Stern
• Occupation - German psychologist & philosopher.
• Wife - Clara Joseephy, a psychologist.
  
• Son - Günther Anders, German writer & philosopher.
• Other children - Hilde & Eva.

William Stern Important Facts:

• Was a pioneer in the field of intelligence & personality.
• The term "IQ" was initially suggested by the William Stern in 1912.
• Stern also invented the tone variator in 1897 - which helped allow research on human perception of sound.

Image: from Alchemipedia
Tags: Intelligence - Intelligence Quotient - IQ - Philosopher - Psychologist - William Stern -
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Mark Foster (1970- ) - British Swimmer

Alchemipedia Link - Mark Foster (Swimmer)

Mark Foster Details:

• Born 12 May 1970 in Billericay, Essex, England.
• Mark is a specialist short course (25 metre pool) swimmer.
• He is the current short course 50m freestyle world record holder.

Image: by My Alternative Photos (cc) on flickr.com
Tags: Billericay - Essex - Mark Foster - Swimmer - World Record
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Thomas Harriot (c.1560-1621) - Astronomer, Mathematician

Alchemipedia Link - Thomas Harriot (English Astronomer, Mathematician) 1560 - 1621

Thomas Harriot Demographics:

• Name - Thomas Harriot
• Surname - Harriot or Hariot or Heriot.
• Born - c. 1560 (Oxford)
• Death - 2 July 1621 (London)
• Occupation - Astronomer, Mathematician, Ethnographer, Translator
• Nationality - English
• Education - Oxford University

Thomas Harriot Facts:

• Graduate of Oxford University.
• Traveled on an expedition to the Americas, funded by Sir Walter Raleigh.
• Worked for the 9th Earl of Northumberland.
• The theory of refraction is attributed to Thomas Harriot.
  
• The first telescopic observer.
• First person to make a drawing of the moon viewed through a telescope (July 26, 1609).
• Performed this telescopic feat before Galileo Galilei.
  
• Some historians credit him with introducing the potato to Ireland & Great Britain.

Tags: Astronomer - Mathematician - Moon - Oxford University - Refraction - Telescope - Thomas Harriot
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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) - Italian Astronomer, Mathematician, Physicist, Philosopher

Alchemipedia Link - Galileo Galilei (Italian Astronomer, Mathematician, Physicist, Philosopher) 1564 - 1642

Galileo Galilei Demographics:

• Full name - Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei.
• Surname - Galilei.
• Born - 15 February 1564
• Birthplace - Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy.
• Died - 8 January 1642
• Nationality - Italian.
• Father - Vincenzo Galilei (famous lutenist & music theorist).
• Mother - Giulia Ammannati.
• Siblings - Eldest of 6 children.
• Mistress - Marina Gamba.
• Children - 3 children (son Vincenzo; daughters Virginia & Livia) by Marina Gamba.
• Occupation - Astronomer, mathematician, physicist, & philosopher.

Galileo Galilei Facts:

• Astronomer - one of the greatest of post-Greek times.
• Thought of himself as a 'natural philosopher'.
• Remembered as the father of modern science - being the first person to understand that theory drives science.
• Experimented with telescopes.
• By January 1610 he started looking at the sky.
• Discovered Jupiter's satellites.
• Described the phases of Venus.
• Targeted by the church because of his anti-Ptolemaic views.
• Placed under house arrest by the Pope.
• Only at the end of the 20th Century was he religiously exonerated by the Vatican.

Quotes About Galileo Galilei:
"Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science." [Stephen Hawking]

Image: Taken @ Planetarium Galileo Galilei - Buenos Aires - Argentina, 2006 © Guilherme Oliveira - Some rights reserved.
Image source: from flickr by *The Boy From Cerrado (cc)
Tags: Astronomer - Galileo - Galileo Galilei - Italian - Jupiter - Pisa - Pope - Telescope - Vatican - Venus
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Viktor Francis Hess (1883-1964) - Austrian Physicist

Viktor Francis Hess Demographics:

• Name - Victor or Viktor Francis Hess
• Born - 24 June, 1883
• Death - 17 December, 1964
• Occupation - Physicist
• Nationality - Austrian-American

Victor Hess Important Facts:

• Austrian physicist.
• Discoverer of cosmic rays.
• Won a half share of the Nobel physics prize in 1936 for work he undertook between 1911-1913.

Victor Hess Career:

• 1901 to 1905 - Undergraduate student at the University of Graz.
• 1910 - PhD in Physics at the University of Graz.
• 1910-1920 - Assistant to Stefan Meyer at the Institute for Radium Research, Viennese Academy of Sciences.
• 1921 - Worked at the US Radium Corporation, in New Jersey, and as Consulting Physicist for the US Bureau of Mines, in Washington DC.
• 1923 - Worked again at University of Graz.
• 1925 - Appointed the Ordinary Professor of Experimental Physics.
• 1931 - Appointed as Professor & Director of Institute of Radiology, The University of Innsbruck.
• 1938 - Relocated to the USA, with his Jewish wife, to escape Nazi persecution.
• 1938 - Appointed Professor of Physics at Fordham University.
• 1944 - Became naturalized citizen of the USA.
• 1956 - Retired from Fordham University.

Viktor Hess Awards:

• Lieben Prize (1919).
• Abbe Memorial Prize.
• Abbe Medal of the Carl Zeiss Institute in Jena (1932).
• Nobel Prize in Physics (1936) for discovery of cosmic rays.

Links:

• Victor Francis Hess (Austrian Physicist, Nobel Prize 1936) | Alchemipedia
  

Tags: 1936 - Abbe Medal - Cosmic Rays - Lieben Prize - Nobel Prize - Physics - Victor Francis Hess - Viktor Hess
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Charles Hard Townes (1915- ) - Physicist, LASER Pioneer

Charles Hard Townes Demographics:

• Born - July 28, 1915 (Greenville, South Carolina)
• Wife - former Frances H. Brown (married in 1941)
• Daughters - Linda Rosenwein, Ellen Anderson, Carla Kessler, & Holly Townes.
• Nationality - American
• Father - Henry Keith Townes, attorney.
• Mother - Ellen (Hard) Townes

Charles Townes Facts:

• Researcher at University of California, Berkeley.
• Won the 1964 Nobel physics prize for his work on lasers.
• Built the Infrared Spatial Interferometer at Mount Wilson Observatory in southern California.

See Alchemipedia Charles Hard Townes page

Image credit: Sir John Templeton Prize page
Tags: Charles Hard Townes - Greenville - South Carolina
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